This booklet sets out to show why gender is important in the management of higher education institutions. It explains that organizational culture and management practices, often considered to be neutral, are in fact gender-linked. Institutional efforts towards a more efficient and effective use of human resources often fail because they are based on what is considered as gender-neutral premises. A full understanding of the fact that socially constructed responsibilities and images of women are in some cases incompatible with the existing masculine organization is necessary to promote change and achieve better use of human resources. Senior managers need to be committed to take into consideration an increased understanding of the gender nature of the problem. The fact that increasing numbers of women are working in higher education institutions makes it essential for managers to reflect on the impact of the masculine bias that prevails in some organizations on both male and female staff and its impact on organizational efficiency. Three appendixes describe interview topics, the gender-wise distribution of faculty and staff per school or center, and possible areas for reflection about gender issues. (Contains 1 figure, 3 tables, and 19 references.) (SLD)