Initially, the Spanish Emigration Institute (Ministry of Labour) endeavored to meet the educational needs of Spanish emigrants. However, this proved to be inadequate as the number of emigrants rose. Therefore, in 1969 the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Education and Science divided the responsibility between them and set up a Schools Council to educate emigrants and ensure they have the same opportunities as residents in Spain. To date, Spain has established education centres in 8 foreign nations, primarily in Germany, France, and Switzerland. These centres give migrants preparatory and introductory instruction in the language of the host country, and also play a supplementary role for migrants who have already been incorporated into that country's schools. Provisions have been made for receiving the primary education certificate, a general certificate of education, a "radio advanced secondary education certificate", and university education at a distance. Vocational training courses and social and environmental adaptation courses are available to emigrants before they leave Spain, as well as information on their future countries of residence. Research has been done on migrant education problems of Spanish children in Germany; a study is being carried out on Spanish children in Switzerland. The problem of immigrant education in Spain has not yet arisen, although Spain is beginning to be an immigrant country. Statistics on immigrants are not available, however, as most immigrants are ostensibly tourists or temporary visitors who work clandestinely. (KM)