We investigate how the social working environment predicts beginning teachers' self-efficacy and feelings of depression. Two quantitative studies are presented. The results show that the goal structure of the school culture (mastery or performance orientation) predicts both outcomes. Frequent collaborative interactions with colleagues are related to higher self-efficacy only when the novices are experiencing few difficulties or work in an environment oriented towards mastery goals. The mere occurrence of mentoring and meetings with the principal is not related to the outcomes, but the quality of these activities predicts them significantly. Conditions increasing the effectiveness of these support activities are discussed. (Contains 5 tables and 2 figures.)