Employee deviance may reflect either acts of employee theft or of production deviance. Employee theft refers to the unauthorized taking of cash, merchandise, or property. Production deviance refers to counterproductive activities which serve to slow the rate or quality of output, such as intentionally doing slow or sloppy work or using drugs on the job. Both types of employee deviance can be costly to employers in terms of losses in profits, inventory, morale, and image. In this study, a four-stage survey mailing process was used to determine the incidence, amount, and types of employee deviance occurring within fast food restaurants and supermarket stores. Employees (N=872) from 341 fast food restaurants and from 234 supermarkets completed and returned anonymous questionnaires which asked them to indicate the types of on-the-job theft and counterproductive behaviors in which they had engaged. The results indicated that many employees from both industries admitted to costly theft and other counterproductive work practices. The most common types of employee deviance were practices related to the theft of company cash and property, time theft, and general counterproductivity. Specifically, for fast food units 62 percent of respondents admitted to some type of cash or property theft; for supermarket stores 43 percent admitted to some type of cash or property theft. Respondents perceived employee theft to be prevalent in their workplace. The results from the fast food and supermarket industries suggest that an anonymous survey approach may be useful as a means of determining base rates of employee deviance. (Author/ABL)