The European Union's increasing attention to social and cultural matters has been expressed through the notions of European citizenship and identity which are to be developed among children, adolescents and adults. Whether, and if so, how, children perceive a European identity to coexist with national identities is a challenging and relatively under-studied question. This paper presents part of the findings of a study conducted in December 2000 which explored the ways in which 140 10-year-old Greek-Cypriot pupils constructed their national and European identities. Results indicated that, despite positive attitudes towards Europe, pupils attributed little significance to the European identity, whereas national identities were extremely important. The discourse developed revealed essentialist and a-historical representations of national identity, and an instrumentalist approach to Europe. Social psychological insights from self-categorization theory are employed to explore whether the two identities were construed as in the same or different typical levels of abstraction. These findings are discussed within the broader socio-political context of Cyprus and European integration.