This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, a gender-neutral statute that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in programs that receive federal financial assistance. This legislation has been nothing short of revolutionary, paving the way for equal opportunity for millions of women and men.…

MAEC's Title IX 2020 Regulations Series examines the impact of the recently-released Final Rule, which went into effect August 14, 2020. The Final Rule determines how schools navigate incidents of sexual harassment. This document, the second in our series, compares Title IX then (the Patsy Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, 1972) and Title…

The author draws on the ideas of counter-storytelling and critical race methodology to examine the ways that urban, racially minoritized middle school girls create hope in sports and physical activity contexts. Although the passage of Title IX has brought more equal opportunities for many women and girls in sports, racially minoritized female…

The federal government's role in supporting higher education touches nearly every aspect of the work performed by American colleges and universities. Federal authorities control an immense amount of public resources that are used to strategically exert influence across a complex and differentiated postsecondary system. This report is intended to…

Under Title IX, male and females have an equitable opportunity both at work and at school. Under Title IX, any institution, that receives federal funding, is compelled to provide equal opportunities to participate in sports for female athletes. Since the enactment of Title IX, the percentage of female head coaches for female athletic teams has…

Passed by Congress on June 23, 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 bars sex discrimination in education programs and activities offered by entities receiving federal financial assistance. In the 40 years since its enactment, Title IX has improved access to educational opportunities for millions of students, helping to ensure that no…

Few laws have had such far-reaching impact as Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Intended to give girls and women greater access to sports programs and other courses of study in schools and colleges, the law has since been used by judges and agencies to expand a wide range of antidiscrimination policies--most recently the Obama…

While recent research has shown the long-term effects of teen pregnancy are not as devastating as once predicted, more than 40 years after the passage of Title IX legislation mandating equal educational opportunities for pregnant and parenting teens, only 50% of teen parents graduate high school, lagging far behind their non-parenting peers. This…

The glory days of high school sports are no longer reserved for dream team athletes, as athletic directors are increasingly opening up sports to all students, regardless of ability, and seeing winning results on the field and off. This push is reflected in the most recent National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) survey, which…

This data snapshot highlights several differences in educational opportunities between males and females from prekindergarten through higher education. The information herein, gathered from a variety of education data sources, shows that--despite the enormous progress made in ensuring equal educational opportunities since the passage of Title IX…

In 2006, the George W. Bush Administration issued new Title IX regulations that allow for sex-segregated classrooms and schools in public, non-vocational elementary and secondary schools. These regulations provide schools with another condition that allows them to provide sex-segregated programs as long as they meet an "important governmental…

Online education has become an accepted part of the educational landscape over the past two decades. Digital resources are the norm in classrooms. The expectation is that all students will benefit from technology some way. In order for that to be the case, however, sometimes more overt action is needed to ensure that all students do in fact get…

Designed to help vocational instructors recognize sexist and non-sexist behavior, this learning module includes a rationale, objectives, prerequisite tests for each of the four sections, and a posttest. Section I discusses male/female participation in the labor force, female/male enrollments in vocational education, and the relationship between…

Equal opportunities in collegiate sports, single-sex scholarships and fellowships, and sex bias in curricular material are discussed in relation to Title IX. (Author/PG)

This pamphlet is designed to help school personnel in Massachusetts achieve equal opportunity in physical education and sports programs for all students, regardless of sex. Answers are provided for some of the most commonly raised questions on this issue: (1) Do the regulations require that all physical education classes be coeducational? (2) Do…