This study gives a systematic and recent overview of studies that focus on staff variables that may have an influence on the origin and maintenance of challenging behaviour of clients with an intellectual disability. Thirty three studies were identified through computerized searches of the PsycInfo and ERIC-databases on the basis of specific search terms and inclusion criteria. The results were synthesized by using a narrative thematic synthesis. Many studies discussed staff beliefs about the causes of challenging behaviour and staff stress and emotional reactions to challenging behaviour. Furthermore, the relationship between attributions and emotions and between emotional reactions and levels of optimism and willingness to offer help were investigated. Finally, the least presented topic was staff responses to challenging behaviour. (Contains 1 table.)