This study analyzes heterogeneous research with a focus on the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of farmers and the components of sustainable agriculture literacy through an interdisciplinary, systematic literature review for the time frame from 1996 to 2013. The major research databases were searched and 170 papers were identified. Paper selection reduced the total to 36 primary studies bibliographically and thematically. Several studies found that farmers have the ability to carry out some aspects of sustainable agriculture, such as integrated pest management. The relationship between knowledge and behavior of sustainable agriculture was relatively high. More than 70% of the correlation coefficients between knowledge and behavior were greater than 0.4. Two strategies were recommended for enhancing sustainable agricultural literacy: the ecosystem health approach and participatory methods for redesigning the curriculum of sustainable agriculture educational programs.