Two contrasting predictions regarding the effects of dual- versus single-career marriage on children's sex-role identification were tested: (1) the relative lack of sex-role differentiation in dual-career marriages should promote relatively androgynous sex-role identification in children from such families; and (2) the presence of two "masculine" models in dual-career families should promote relatively masculine identification. Results indicated that both boys and girls in dual-career families were more masculine in their identification than were their counterparts in single-career families. Additional results demonstrated that mothers in the dual-career family tended to be less feminine in their sex-role orientation than in the single-career family; husbands from the two family types did not differ in their orientation. A double standard appeared in the socialization of children from dual-career families. Mothers particularly seemed tolerant of masculine preferences in daughters but intolerant of feminine preferences in sons. Because the findings in this study pertain only to the professional class it is noted that further research is needed to extend the generality of the phenomenon uncovered in this study to other occupational backgrounds and classes. The findings may presage a profound shift in societal values which will become increasingly apparent in the next generation of parents. (Author/DB)