Medical adherence to complex diabetes regimens can be challenging, particularly for adolescents, and therefore represents the most common reason for referral to behavioral psychologists among this population. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when present in children and adolescents with diabetes, presents unique barriers to compliance with diabetes management. Existing research on the co-occurrence of diabetes and ADHD is reviewed, and a framework is presented in which evidence-based behavioral treatments for ADHD may be applied to target diabetes management for this population. Case illustrations of two young adolescents with co-occurring diabetes and ADHD are offered, in which evidence-based ADHD treatments were successful in increasing medical compliance. Recommendations for larger clinical trials with this population are made. (Contains 2 figures.)