This article discusses the different ways in which students and preschool teachers at two Swedish universities interpret the concept of professionalism. Data for this article are drawn from a study conducted in two different urban areas of Sweden which explored the following four questions: (1) What does the concept of professionalism imply for preschool teachers and students? (2) What does a professional teacher do in a pre-school/school/after-school recreation centre? (3) How is professionalism developed? (4) What does preschool teachers' professionalism mean in comparison with professionalism in other closely related professions such as day-care attendants or recreational pedagogues? The survey was conducted using a questionnaire that students completed during a lesson at the university and by their supervisors at preschools. Data from the study are interpreted against a theoretical background that problematises the concept of "professionalism" within the societal context of preschools in Sweden. (Contains 1 note.)