Stressing the global dimension to the adversary relationship between economic development and environmental conservation, this monograph examines the philosophical, historical, cultural, and ethnic underpinnings of modern science and technology. In addition, the monograph spells out policy implications of an alternative concept of development and technology in which development, science, life-styles, and environment merge in a symbiotic relationship. The hypothesis is that industrialization has subverted its original purpose of liberating people and has resulted, instead, in a flow of resources away from poverty stricken non-industrialized countries into industrialized countries sporting increasingly wasteful life-styles. The document is one in a series of working papers intended to stimulate research, education, dialogue, and political action which will contribute to a more just world order. The philosophical premise of industrialization--that development would result in unending progress and abundance for all--has not been born out by abundant historical evidence that the economic gap dividing the rich from the poor countries is constantly increasing. Further, the fact that the wealthier nations are predominantly Western and the poorer nations are located in non-Western regions has contributed to a variety of economic, military, and international trade conflicts. The understanding that modern technology is rapidly destroying nature and leading mankind to scarcity once again has only recently begun to be realized. The conclusion is that the development/conservation dilemma as well as the inequality between developed and developing nations will be solved if nations are willing to think in terms of a world order which encourages equity and participation of people from all nations in economic and political processes. (DB)