The school system plays an important role in a child's vaccination status, whether by directly offering immunization services, maintaining immunization records, or providing an incentive for up-to-date immunizations through the enforcement of school entry laws. Within the American educational system, however, children do not all attend the same type of school. While most children attend public schools, a variety of educational options--including secular and religiously affiliated private schools and homeschools--are available. School-related factors, including school-based informational campaigns, private school attendance, and higher socioeconomic status of the student body, have been associated with immunization compliance among middle school students, and rates of immunization compliance also differ by school type. Therefore, the vaccine-related beliefs of parents also might differ depending on the type of school their child attends. This study examined the vaccination beliefs of parents with children in different educational settings, with a specific focus on homeschools, which are least likely to be influenced by and subject to the rules that apply to the public education system, including those mandating immunization. While this study is cross-sectional, and therefore unable to address causality regarding parental beliefs, these results can be used to suggest and highlight potential differences in the beliefs and behaviors of parents, which will be explored further in future research. These results also can be used to guide the development of tailored messages for use in vaccine communication with parents, research that has been previously suggested as a way of addressing differences in vaccination coverage levels between different types of schools.