This paper outlines the findings of a study of young people's and parents' experiences and perspectives of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from five positions: the 'symptoms' of ADHD and their consequences, the process of diagnosis and treatment, interventions, a personal diagnosis, and participation and voice. It questions the value and validity of diagnosing children and young people as having ADHD and highlights the possibility that apparent short-term benefits of treatment with medication might be outweighed by longer-term negative psychological effects. It further argues that the voice of the young person should be considered in assessment and intervention processes where behaviour might lead to a diagnosis of ADHD. The authors assert challenging behaviour should be interpreted and addressed from a broad theoretical perspective which takes into account biological, psychological, social and cultural factors, and warn that diagnosis and treatment with medication might limit such a perspective.