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Vandervert, Larry – American Journal of Play, 2017
The author suggests the brain's cerebellum and cerebral cortex are the origin of culture and considers the cerebellar models that came to constitute culture to be derived specifically from play. He summarizes recent research on the behavioral, cognitive, and affective evolution of the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex that shows the development…
Descriptors: Neurosciences, Play, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Imagination
Falcone, Carmen; Mevises, Natalie-Ya; Hong, Tiffany; Dufour, Brett; Chen, Xiaohui; Noctor, Stephen C.; Martínez Cerdeño, Verónica – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2021
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive behaviors. Changes in the number of specific cell types in the cerebral cortex could produce a dramatic alteration in the regulation of cortical circuits, and thus an alteration of behavior. We investigated whether there are…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Neurological Impairments, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Gomes da Silva, Sérgio; de Almeida, Alexandre Aparecido; Fernandes, Jansen; Lopim, Glauber Menezes; Cabral, Francisco Romero; Scerni, Débora Amado; de Oliveira-Pinto, Ana Virgínia; Lent, Roberto; Arida, Ricardo Mario – Online Submission, 2016
Clinical evidence has shown that physical exercise during pregnancy may alter brain development and improve cognitive function of offspring. However, the mechanisms through which maternal exercise might promote such effects are not well understood. The present study examined levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and absolute cell…
Descriptors: Mothers, Pregnancy, Exercise, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Bartolucci, Marco; Batini, Federico – Educational Gerontology, 2019
Listening to narrative material stimulates and activates multiple areas in the cerebral cortex. It has been shown that such activations produce significant changes in the connectivity of the brain. In literature, findings have shown that in pathological aging (i.e., cognitive decline) patients who underwent a daily narrative training showed some…
Descriptors: Patients, Cognitive Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Aging (Individuals)
Strijkers, Kristof – Language Learning, 2016
I will propose a tentative framework of how words in two languages could be organized in the cerebral cortex based on neural assembly theory, according to which neurons that fire synchronously are bound into large-scale distributed functional units (assemblies), which represent a mental event as a whole ("gestalt"). For language this…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Second Language Learning, Guidelines, Language Processing
Tamnes, Christian K.; Overbye, Knut; Ferschmann, Lia; Fjell, Anders M.; Walhovd, Kristine B.; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne; Dumontheil, Iroise – Developmental Psychology, 2018
Basic perspective taking and mentalizing abilities develop in childhood, but recent studies indicate that the use of social perspective taking to guide decisions and actions has a prolonged development that continues throughout adolescence. Here, we aimed to replicate this research and investigate the hypotheses that individual differences in…
Descriptors: Perspective Taking, Brain, Prosocial Behavior, Antisocial Behavior
Brice, Alejandro E.; Wallace, Sarah E.; Brice, Roanne G. – Communication Disorders Quarterly, 2014
Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease that occurs in the cerebral cortex due to increased levels of glutamate, the proliferation of plaque-forming amyloid beta proteins, and reactive gliosis. Establishing behavioral indicators of the disease (e.g., impairments of episodic memory) and use of neuroimaging technology…
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Aging (Individuals), Older Adults, Brain
Tetreault, Nicole A.; Hakeem, Atiya Y.; Jiang, Sue; Williams, Brian A.; Allman, Elizabeth; Wold, Barbara J.; Allman, John M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
We immunocytochemically identified microglia in fronto-insular (FI) and visual cortex (VC) in autopsy brains of well-phenotyped subjects with autism and matched controls, and stereologically quantified the microglial densities. Densities were determined blind to phenotype using an optical fractionator probe. In FI, individuals with autism had…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Anatomy, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Brain
Barkovich, A. James; Guerrini, Renzo; Kuzniecky, Ruben I.; Jackson, Graeme D.; Dobyns, William B. – Brain, 2012
Malformations of cerebral cortical development include a wide range of developmental disorders that are common causes of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. In addition, study of these disorders contributes greatly to the understanding of normal brain development and its perturbations. The rapid recent evolution of molecular biology, genetics…
Descriptors: Genetics, Molecular Biology, Classification, Brain
Rubenstein, John L. R. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
The cerebral cortex has a central role in cognitive and emotional processing. As such, understanding the mechanisms that govern its development and function will be central to understanding the bases of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly those that first appear in childhood. In this review, I highlight recent progress in elucidating…
Descriptors: Anatomy, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Processes, Mental Disorders
Rossi, Sonja; Telkemeyer, Silke; Wartenburger, Isabell; Obrig, Hellmuth – Brain and Language, 2012
Investigating the neuronal network underlying language processing may contribute to a better understanding of how the brain masters this complex cognitive function with surprising ease and how language is acquired at a fast pace in infancy. Modern neuroimaging methods permit to visualize the evolvement and the function of the language network. The…
Descriptors: Sentences, Language Research, Spectroscopy, Infants
Borst, Gregoire; Thompson, William L.; Kosslyn, Stephen M. – American Psychologist, 2011
Traditionally, characterizations of the macrolevel functional organization of the human cerebral cortex have focused on the left and right cerebral hemispheres. However, the idea of left brain versus right brain functions has been shown to be an oversimplification. We argue here that a top-bottom divide, rather than a left-right divide, is a more…
Descriptors: Brain, Neurological Organization, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Meta Analysis
Corben, L. A.; Akhlaghi, H.; Georgiou-Karistianis, N.; Bradshaw, J. L.; Egan, G. F.; Storey, E.; Churchyard, A. J.; Delatycki, M. B. – Brain and Cognition, 2011
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most common of the genetically inherited ataxias. We recently demonstrated that people with FRDA have impairment in motor planning--most likely because of pathology affecting the cerebral cortex and/or cerebello-cortical projections. We used the Simon interference task to examine how effective 13 individuals with…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Neurological Impairments, Psychomotor Skills, Reaction Time
Van der Haegen, Lise; Brysbaert, Marc – Brain and Language, 2011
Words are processed as units. This is not as evident as it seems, given the division of the human cerebral cortex in two hemispheres and the partial decussation of the optic tract. In two experiments, we investigated what underlies the unity of foveally presented words: A bilateral projection of visual input in foveal vision, or interhemispheric…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Visual Perception, Word Recognition, Experiments
Cummine, Jacqueline; Sarty, Gordon E.; Borowsky, Ron – Neuropsychologia, 2010
The aim of this work is to combine behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to advance our knowledge of where the Frequency x Regularity interaction on word naming is located in the cerebral cortex. Participants named high and low frequency, regular and exception words in a behavioural lab (Experiment 1) and during an fMRI…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Processes, Word Recognition