Applications of the first and second laws of thermodynamics to a biological system (running) are presented. Seven homework problems and four detailed examples are included. (JN)

The biomechanical elements inherent in the running styles of Olympic-level athletes were examined in order to obtain a range of parameter values for specific running velocities. Forty-eight athletes participated in middle and long distance running events that were filmed and later analyzed to determine the relationship between the physical…

Better distance runners perform at a higher percentage of their maximal aerobic power than do distance runners of poorer ability. (JD)

In this paper, problems and conditions of the foot, including flat feet, achilles tendon problems, heel spur syndrome, digital problems, shin splints, and leg stress fractures, are examined. Ways to examine the athlete's foot and leg are described, including the one-foot test and the off weight-bearing examination. (CJ)

Eight highly skilled male runners were filmed running on level and inclined treadmills while electromyographic measures from right thigh muscles were collected. Results indicate that treadmill grade had a significant effect on the relative duration of both stance and swing phases of the step cycle and on total step cycle duration. (MT)

The running patterns of two-, four-, and six-year-old children were analyzed to determine how age and sex differences affected selected kinematic and kinetic variables. Differences tended to involve displacement, velocity, and magnitude of force measures. Sex differences concerning the leg swing were noted. (Author/PP)

This study compared the biomechanical support offered by eight presently marketed sports bras for small-, medium-, and large-breasted women while jogging. Fifty-nine subjects were filmed while jogging on a treadmill in each of the bras and in the nude condition. The vertical displacement of the breast relative to the body during one average…

Biomechanical analysis of human movement seeks to relate observable motions or configurations of the body to the forces that act to produce those motions or maintain those configurations. These are identified as force-motion relationships. In assessing force-motion relationships in children's movement, the process type assessment, Ohio State…

This study examined the effects of treadmill training on the kinematic accommodation and habituation process of novice treadmill runners. (MT)

Provides physicians with the signs, symptoms, and management of heel/sole pain in recreational runners (usually due to plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinitis, and calcaneal stress fractures). Remedies involve palliative treatment of symptoms, correction of underlying biomechanical problems, and flexibility exercises. (SM)

On the basis of research, the following characteristics appear to be important factors relative to precluding hamstring strains in sprinters: bilaterality relative to hamstring and quadricep strength development, optimum strength ratios between ipsilateral antagonists throughout the range of movement, and above-normal hip-joint flexibility. (JD)