The story of biology is far more complex and fascinating than straightforward facts or neatly labeled diagrams of structures and systems. Although exams can motivate students, the key to using these extrinsic motivators to increase student understanding lies in the way the assessments are designed and what they measure. Those involved in developing the new Advanced Placement Biology exam told convocation participants that the exam will include a greater number of higher-order-thinking questions and will ask students to demonstrate a solid understanding of evolution. It will require students to apply their knowledge in new ways and is a solid example of how exams of the future can drive improvements in student learning. Although extrinsic motivators are certainly important, the author suggests educators should also consider the role they play in igniting students' interests and creating lifelong learners who truly appreciate and understand biology and the nature of science. Regardless of the strategies used, the more educators know about what motivates students and works to engage them, the better their students will be able to take ownership of their own learning. And that is essential if they are to increase the biological literacy of students, who are tomorrow's politicians, school board members, precollege teachers, and voters.