William James, the turn of the century psychologist, philospher, and educator, was avidly interested in the relationship between psychology and teaching. This paper considers operant conditioning, timing of reinforcers, and programmed instruction--touchstones of B.F. Skinner in the teaching/learning milieu. Of course, materials not just methods are critical, and materials ought to emphasize psychologically and educationally sound life experiences. Oterwise, operant conditioning will not be as successful as it ought to be. Included are historical and historical references and cumulative references. (Author)