In this study we undertook to look at leadership issues specifically in relation to social inclusion, through a series of six case studies in three districts showing high levels of disadvantage. Findings indicated that schools' views on social inclusion could be typified as leaning towards three main orientations: (1) improving achievement and qualifications for all; (2) overcoming barriers to learning existing within particular groups; (3) enhancing other capacities and skills of children from disadvantaged groups. These views are strongly shaped by the vision and biography of school heads, interacting with different pressures and contexts. (Contains 3 figures.)