This brief presents a review of more than 150 research studies on adolescent reproductive health to identify the factors that contribute to improving adolescent reproductive health. These and other findings are highlighted from the vantage point of adolescents as individuals and within the context of their families, peers, partners, schools, and communities. In addition, a What Works table that identifies specific programs and approaches that have been found successful in improving positive reproductive health behaviors is presented. Experimental studies that focus on reproductive health outcomes discussed in the section on policy implications, show mixed results from evaluations of sexuality education and HIV education programs, which are part of many schools curriculums. Among programs and approaches found to be successful in improving reproductive health behaviors are those that focus on early childhood development, those that combine sexuality education for older children with positive activities, such as participating in voluntary community service and youth development programs, and those that send nurses to visit with teenage mothers with reducing the likelihood of having another child as a teen as one of their goals. (Contains 87 references and 1 table.) (GCP)