As economic competition becomes more global and knowledge-based, US states have independently pursued initiatives in research and development (R&D) and science and technology (S&T). Policy efforts often entwine government, universities, and industry, aiming to stimulate socially optimal levels of innovation and economic growth. Partnerships in this arena are well documented, but few studies foreground first-person accounts of policy dynamics. Through comparative case study of Georgia, Missouri, and Texas, we present perspectives of government, university, and industry leaders, who form and negotiate boundaries and roles for collaboration. We find that (1) S&T competition has been distinct from national initiatives and more domestic than global; (2) the three states feature similar policies but have evolved "new economy" approaches idiosyncratically; and (3) universities in these states have driven endeavours, evincing specific industry/corporate perspectives. Themes suggest competition--not collaboration--within a national-innovation system and intriguing yet challenging opportunities for academic leaders and managers.