In this article the authors accept as a given the National Education Technology Plan's vision of a transformed education system powered by technology such that learners receive personalized and engaging learning experiences, and where assessment, teaching, infrastructure, and productivity are redefined. The article analyzes this vision of a transformed education system through the theories of disruptive innovation to ask how this vision might come to fruition. Through this process, it unearths a series of principles to guide action in implementing the vision. (Contains 3 figures and 5 notes.)