In today's Turkey, the problems faced in the provincial regions have several causes and dimensions. At first glance we can count a set of them: insufficiency of the resources allocated to education and the inability to use the education budget effectively with proper planning; frequent central restructuring of the education system without taking immediate necessary practical steps especially in the provincial regions; difficulties in retaining the experienced teachers in the provincial regions as a result of the problems in teacher appointment system and the socio-cultural and economic conditions of these undeveloped regions. This study is a qualitative research based on general descriptive research design. The research's study group consists of teachers and school administrators working at public schools at the primary, secondary and high school levels in Diyarbakir, Mus, and Yüksekovacities of the eastern part of Turkey during the 2013-2014 academic year. In this study, educational problems experienced in the eastern part of Turkey are examined and discussed based on the teachers' opinion within its historical and social context by focusing on the hardship and educational problems faced by the teachers in the region. In the first section of the study, information related to the research and explanations about the research method is presented. In the second section, findings of the study and interpretations of them are put forward. In the last section of the study, the results based on the findings of the study are summarized and several suggestions focusing on teachers' problems are made with regard to establish a systematic and effective education system in the eastern part of Turkey.