This report is the third to document the condition of children in the state of Illinois and the performance of the policies and programs designed to serve them over the past decade. One of the main themes emerging from the findings is the increasing diversity of the Illinois child population, in terms of both racial and ethnic groups and the family structures in which Illinois children live. Statistics are presented in the following chapters: (1) "Three Million Children" (Allen Harden and John Dilts); (2) "Child Living Arrangements and Family Structure" (Allen Harden, Bong Joo Lee, and Michael Weir); (3) "Children in Poverty" (Bong Joo Lee and Michael Weir); (4) "Child Health" (Lucy Mackey Bilaver, John Dilts, and Jaqueline Moore); (5) "Education" (Bong Joo Lee, Tamara Perry, and Barbara Ray); (6) "Children and Violence" (John Dilts, Bong Joo Lee, Jolyon Wurr, Michael Weir, Clark Peters, and Jaqueline Moore); (7) "Child Welfare" (Lucy Mackey Bilaver and Robert Goerge); (8) "Children with Special Needs" (Robert Goerge and Lucy Mackey Bilaver); (9) "Multiple Program Participation" (Robert Goerge, Bong Joo Lee, and Mairead Reidy); and (10) "Economic Supports" (Mairead Reidy and Michael Weir). Some notable trends identified in the well-being of Illinois children include a drop in the teen birthrate, improvement in children's economic status, stable or improving child health, overall improvements in many key educational outcomes, declines in the number of homicides involving children, and declines in the number of children who were victims of abuse or neglect. Nevertheless, 10 percent of Illinois children have physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions that require health and other services. Further, African American and Hispanic children remain at greater risk than European American children of being killed before reaching adulthood. The report concludes with information on data sources and data collection and availability. (KB)