Three joint international seminars on governmental roles in organizing and promoting educational research and development were held as part of a study conducted by the Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This document contains the proceedings of the third seminar, held in Vienna, Austria, on October 5-7, 1994. It reviews the educational research-and-development policy frameworks of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland, examines major similarities and differences in research and policy cultures, and compares them with the approaches to educational research and development in other member countries. The three countries appear to be coping with fairly similar problems: the dispersion and discontinuity of research effort, unnecessary duplication of research, counterproductive rivalries among institutions, and lack of coherence and of proximity to educational practice. Following the introduction, Torsten Husen reviews the factors for the differences in organization and roles in the three countries. In chapter 3, Karl-Heinz Gruber identifies commonalities and variations among the three countries and questions usage of the term "research-and-development model." Chapters 4-6 present executive summaries of the country case studies by Lorenz Lassnigg, Hans Pechar, Brigitte Steinert, and Armin Gretler. In chapter 7, Ivor Pritchard argues that OECD countries should carefully design and implement an educational research-and-development policy that is coherent and adaptable. Appendices contain the conference agenda and list of participants. (Contains 29 references.) (LMI)