This article presents the closing address delivered by Sir John Daniel of UNESCO at the Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE) General Conference on "Incentives and Accountabilty: Instruments of Change in Higher Education," which was held at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) headquarters in Paris on September 18, 2002. Drawing on his years of experience working in a number of different higher education settings, Sir Daniel comments and provides insight on the four themes of the conference: (1) National policy instruments and their effect on institutional behavior; (2) Motivating individuals; (3) University governance and institutional identity; and (4) Incentives and collaboration in the international education market.