Community coalition action theory (CCAT) depicts the processes and factors that affect coalition formation, maintenance, institutionalization, actions, and outcomes. CCAT proposes that community context affects coalitions at every phase of development and operation. We analyzed data from 12 "Connect to Protect" coalitions using inductive content analysis to examine how contextual factors (e.g., economics, collaboration, history, norms, and politics) enhance or impede coalitions' success in achieving outcomes. Consistent with CCAT, context affected the objectives that coalitions developed and those they completed. Results suggest that local prevention history and political support have particular impact on coalitions' success in creating structural changes. These data underscore the heuristic value of CCAT, yet also imply that the contextual constructs that affect outcomes are issue specific. [Support for the article was provided by members of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN): Vincent Francisco (University of North Carolina-Greensboro), Robin Lin Miller (Michigan State University), Jonathan Ellen (Johns Hopkins University), Peter Freeman (Children's Memorial Hospital), Lawrence B. Friedman (University of Miami School of Medicine), Grisel-Robles Schrader (University of California-San Francisco), Jessica Roy (Children's Diagnostic and Treatment Center), Nancy Willard (Johns Hopkins University), and Jennifer Huang (Westat, Inc.)]