The short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was completed by 1,780 boys and 1,634 girls attending secondary schools in the Czech Republic, together with the Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity. On the one hand, two of the findings are consistent with those from a series of studies employing the same measure of religiosity among school pupils and adults in the UK. In the Czech Republic, as elsewhere, a positive attitude to Christianity is associated with lower psychoticism scores and with higher lie scale scores. On the other hand, two other findings contradict the consensus of the studies conducted in the UK. In the Czech Republic a positive attitude to Christianity is associated with lower extraversion scores and with higher neuroticism scores, while in the UK religiosity is independent of both extraversion and neuroticism. It is suggested that these differences may be related to the different functions of religiosity in a post-Communist culture compared with a Christian or post-Christian culture. (Contains 3 tables.)