An assessment of welfare-related experiences and perspectives of Puerto Rican Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) recipients in New York City (New York), Newark (New Jersey), and Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) was conducted. Data were developed through 8 self-contained focus groups involving 63 participants. An additional focus group was conducted with human service professionals who serve Puerto Rican clients on AFDC. The following findings are highlighted: (1) a majority of participants are single heads of households with children, 25 years or older, Spanish-dominant, without a high school diploma, and below the poverty level; (2) a majority (73 percent) had been on welfare for over 3 years; (3) participants enrolled for AFDC due to family-related rather than work-related values; (4) AFDC enrollment triggers conflict with other human service agencies and the criminal justice system; (5) family responsibilities, lack of English proficiency and basic skills, the cost and logistics of transportation, and housing costs were the most significant barriers to self-sufficiency; (6) most wish to work or study but exhibit behavioral deficits that impair the transition to self-sufficiency; and (7) Puerto Rican human service professionals have also experienced disdain and stereotyping. Included are 2 tables, recommendations, a 38-item bibliography, and profiles of the Family Support Act of 1988 and community service agencies. (JB)