College suicide research consistently shows that fewer than 20 percent of college students who commit suicide were clients at their university counseling centers. Counseling participation is a known protective factor from suicide. However, to date, few studies have examined the differences between college students at risk of suicide who participate in counseling and those who do not. The present study investigated factors that discriminate students at high-risk of suicide from those at low-risk and students who participate in counseling from those who do not. By knowing what combination of factors associated with suicide risk best distinguishes students who participate in counseling from those who do not, interventions can be tailored to target individuals who are high-risk of suicide but not coming into counseling on their own. The study found that depression and attitudes toward help seeking contributed most to differentiating individuals by risk level and counseling participation. Depression statistically predicts participation in therapy and level of suicide risk. Individuals at high risk of suicide have greater levels of depression than those at low-risk, and individuals who participate in counseling have greater levels of depression than those who do not participate. Beyond depression, one's attitude toward help-seeking statistically predicts whether an individual is in counseling. Individuals who participate in counseling have more positive attitudes toward help seeking. Results of the study are discussed at length as well as limitations of the current study, directions for future research, and clinical implications of the findings. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]