Since the end of the Cold War, federal funding for research at American universities has sharply decreased, leaving administrators searching for a new benefactor. At the same time, changes in federal policy permitting universities to patent, license, and profit from their discoveries combined with the emergence of new fields that thinned the lines between "basic" and "applied" research to make universities an attractive partner to private industry. This reorientation from public to private funding has created new challenges for the academy. In 13 insightful and wide-ranging essays, this book examines the modern research university in the throes of transition. Contributors discuss the tensions of research versus education, public funding versus corporatization, and the academic freedom of open discussion versus the secrecy needed to ensure financial gain. Will universities and their professors pursue industrial imperatives at the expense of traditional academic values, or will they harness the energy of industry to advance a mission of research for the public good? After an introduction by Philip J. McConnaughay, William T. Greenough, and Jay P. Kesan, this book is organized into four parts and 13 chapters. The first part, The Purpose of the Research University, presents the initial chapters of the book: (1) Research Universities in the Third Millennium: Genius with Character (Donald N. Langenberg); (2) The University of the Twenty-First Century: Artifact, Sea Anchor, or Pathfinder (John H. Gibbons); and (3) Can Universities Survive the Global Knowledge Revolution? (Lord Meghnad Desai). The second part, Forging Partnerships: Industry, Governments, and the Research University, continues with the next chapters: (4) The Changing Nature of Innovation in the U.S. (Erich Bloch); (5) Back to the Future--The Increasing Importance of the States in Setting the Research Agenda (Larry Smarr); (6) Global Public Goods for Poor Farmers--Myth or Reality (Timothy G. Reeves); and (7) Science and Sustainable Food Security (M. S. Swaminathan). The next section, Funding, Economic Incentives, and the Research Agenda, then presents chapters: (8) Federal Science Policy and University Research Agendas (Kathie L. Olsen and Ann B. Carlson); (9) The Ethical Challenges of the Academic Pork Barrel (James D. Savage); and (10) The Public-Private Divide in Genomics (Rebecca Eisenberg). The final section, The Dark Side of University-Corporate Partnerships, concludes the book with the remaining chapters: (11) The Effects of University/Corporate Relations on Biotechnology Research (Michael K. Hansen); (12) The Governmentalization and Corporatization of Research (Toby Miller); and (13) Technology and the Humanities in the "Global" Economy (Masao Miyoshi).