The America COMPETES (Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science) Reauthorization Act of 2010 documented here is divided into the following titles: (1) Office of Science and Technology Policy (Coordination of Federal STEM [science, technology, engineering, and mathematics] education; Coordination of advanced manufacturing research and development; Interagency public access committee; Federal scientific collections; Prize competitions); (2) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA's contribution to innovation and competitiveness; NASA's contribution to education; Assessment of impediments to space science and engineering workforce development for minority and under-represented groups at NASA; International Space Station's contribution to national competitiveness enhancement, Study of potential commercial orbital platform program impact on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics; Definitions); (3) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Oceanic and atmospheric research and development program; Oceanic and atmospheric science education programs; Workforce study); (4) National Institute of Standards and Technology (Short title; Authorization of appropriations; Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology; Manufacturing Extension Partnership; Emergency communication and tracking technologies research initiative; Broadening participation; NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] Fellowships; Green manufacturing and construction; Definitions); (5) Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Support Programs (National Science Foundation; STEM-Training Grant Program); (6) Innovation (Office of innovation and entrepreneurship; Federal loan guarantees for innovative technologies in manufacturing; Regional innovation program; Study on economic competitiveness and innovative capacity of United States and development of national economic competitiveness strategy; Promoting use of high-end computing simulation and modeling by small- and medium-sized manufacturers); (7) NIST Green Jobs (Short title; Findings; National Institute of Standards and Technology competitive grant program); (8) General Provisions (Government Accountability Office review; Salary restrictions; Additional research authorities of the FCC); (9) Department of Energy (Science, engineering, and mathematics education programs; Energy research programs; Basic research; Advanced Research Project Agency-Energy); (10) Education (References; Repeals and conforming amendments; Authorizations of appropriations and matching requirement). [This Act may be cited as the "America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010" or the "America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Reauthorization Act of 2010."]