This unit of study focuses on the historic period from 1920 to 1966 when China's Mao Zedong and India's Mohandas Gandhi constructed and applied their social and moral visions to their respective nationalist movements. These leaders developed contrasting methods to achieve social change and to establish the goals set for achieving the ideal society. Each had differing ideas about the place of industry and agriculture, the values and symbols needed to mobilize people, the place of violence and force in effecting social change, and the role of personal morality in the larger arena of public morality. This unit may be taught as part of a 20th century world history course or as a section in an elective course on nationalism or comparative politics. Both Gandhi and Mao have been subjects of a large number of biographies and analyses of nearly every aspect of their lives and thought. This unit offers students selected primary sources taken from each man's writing to encourage students to make analytical comparisons. The unit objectives are to: (1) examine the lives of Mao Zedong and Mohandas Gandhi; (2) contrast the views of Mao and Gandhi on the use of violence as a personal and political method; (3) contrast the place of ends and means in the philosophies of Mao and Gandhi; (4) contrast Mao's and Gandhi's views on colonialism and the "oppressor"; (5) compare and contrast Gandhi's and Mao's approaches to mobilizing mass support; and (6) compare and contrast Gandhi's and Mao's views on industrialization and modernization. Teaching materials that apply to national standards for history are provided. (Contains 37 references.) (BT)