An effort to kick-start local education and to keep students learning and going to college came in 1958 when Fall River optometrist Irving Fradkin started a citizens-based scholarship fund to help ambitious but needy public school graduates pay college tuition and textbook costs. With literally a dollar contributed here and a dollar contributed there (the first of those dollars happened to be contributed by the former First Lady and humanitarian Eleanor Roosevelt), "Dollars for Scholars" raised funds from individuals and from businesses. Soon, chapters of the "Dollars for Scholars" program opened elsewhere in Massachusetts and in New England. Today, Fradkin's local chapter has evolved into ScholarshipAmerica, formerly Citizens Scholarship Foundation, Inc. (CSF), "the nation's largest private scholarship fund," according to The Wall Street Journal, with an endowment of $800 million and chapters in 40 states and the District of Columbia. For seven years in a row, the publication titled SmartMoney placed ScholarshipAmerica among the nation's most efficient nonprofit organizations. Forbes Magazine has given the fund a 99% fundraising efficiency rating. Promoted in schools, communities, and to some extent by Bill Clinton and former Senator Robert Dole of Kansas, CSF motivated thousands of public school students to graduate from high school, attend college, and contribute to the society that helped them, in the process showing their appreciation in the same way that Fradkin, the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, is grateful for having succeeded in achieving the American Dream.