Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can affect people of all ages but the literature is lacking on children and adolescents who experience PTSD. The consequences of this disorder extend beyond the basic symptoms by which it is defined. Neuroanatomically, the brains of children with PTSD have been found to be abnormally symmetrical in several structures, resulting in abnormal functioning. Neuropsychological assessment reveals that children and adolescents with the PTSD syndrome have significant deficits in memory, attention, executive functioning, and in overall verbal intelligence that needs to be discriminated from other syndromes with similar deficits, for example, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This review presents the research findings with regard to these deficits in learning and behaviour that school psychologists encounter with students who experience PTSD. Implications for the practice of school psychology and suggestions for future research are discussed.