This paper: (1) discusses why science and mathematics education are important; (2) outlines why a comprehensive improvement program is necessary; and (3) describes how North Carolina is attempting to improve science and mathematics education as related to teacher supply and quality, student enrollment and performance, curriculum and instructional resources, and innovation in public schools. Improvements related to teacher supply and quality include summer institutes, scholarships, establishment of mathematics and science education centers at universities, and other programs and changes. Improvements related to student enrollment and performance include the North Carolina Scholars Program, adding writing to the annual testing program, increased graduation requirements, and other measures. Improvements related to curriculum and instructional resources are currently focusing on the supply of qualified science and mathematics teachers and time for teaching science and mathematics. In addition, local improvement efforts (without any state support) are underway, as are Local Model Partnership programs (a combination of Reynolds foundation and state funds), the Business Committee on Math/Science Education, and the Growth Initiatives for Teachers for Mathematics and Science Pilot Program. (JN)