The development of national communications systems, particularly radio and television, and the impact of this technology on the largely traditional society of Indonesia was the focus of this two-year repeated survey sponsored by UNESCO. The sociocultural effects of radio and television communications on Indonesian national integrity, language use, development of educational programs, dissemination of information on new agricultural technologies, family health and welfare, construction and public works, patterns of consumption, and social values are described, as well as how the economic, cultural, and social structures of the entire society have been affected. While television has generally strengthened the traditional communication networks of interpersonal and village administrative chains, different economic and sociocultural backgrounds have strongly influenced various groups' acceptance and use of information provided by the medium. The distribution and ownership of television receivers has proven to be a prime factor in conditioning the effectiveness of modern communication systems, and local opinion leaders tend to make intensive and regular use of television if it is available. (Author/BK)