This article offers three contributions for conducting meta-analytic reviews in education research. First, we review publication bias and the challenges it presents for meta-analytic researchers. Second, we review the most recent and optimal techniques for evaluating the presence and influence of publication bias in meta-analyses. We then re-analyze two sets of meta-analytic data from the literacy literature that have been published in different journals. The analyses serve as case examples of the techniques reviewed, and the results demonstrate a range of findings from noticeable instances of publication bias to minimal or no bias. The conclusions have important implications for research, policymaking, and practice. Finally, we discuss recommendations for future research. (Contains 3 tables, 2 figures, and 4 notes.)