The fact that online learning has been successful for many schools across the country does not mean that it has been free of challenges. Indeed, there are numerous issues and challenges in online learning. Few policymakers anticipated that any space time, any space place learning was possible when most education laws were authored over the past 50 years. The issues largely center on determining when existing educational policies are appropriate for this new model of learning and when new policies should be created. Educators and policymakers are frequently striving to gain a deeper understanding of how online education programs operate, what an online course looks like, and most fundamentally, how students can learn online. This report aims to help fill the gaps, to be a resource for anyone who is new to online learning and wishes to quickly gain a broad understanding of the academics, operations, policies, and other key issues in online education. The appendix contains definitions. (Contains 3 figures and 55 footnotes.) [This report is sponsored by Aventa Learning, Connections Academy, and Insight Schools. For Version 1, see ED509633.]