Noting that injuries are the leading cause of child death in all the world's more developed countries, this report is the second in a series of "Innocenti Report Cards" designed to monitor the performance of industrialized nations in meeting the needs of their children. The report focuses on child death by injury in the member countries of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). A standardized league table is presented, ranking 26 nations according to their injury death rates for children age 1 to 14 years. The report notes that Sweden, the United Kingdom, Italy, and the Netherlands report the lowest injury death rates, below 7 per 100,000. The United States and Portugal report child injury deaths over twice the level of the leading countries, and South Korea has a rate four times higher. Overall, the likelihood of a child dying from injury has been falling steadily in recent years, with national variations in rate of decline. There is a clear relationship between child injury death and national wealth, although the relationship is far from fixed. Although most countries lack data, it is suggested that the risk of child injury death rises steeply with poverty. The likelihood of child injury or death is also associated with single parenthood, low maternal education, low maternal age at the child's birth, poor housing, large family size, and parental drug abuse. Child's gender and ethnic group is also related to injury death rates. The report concludes by asserting that overall, there is a lack of adequate data and research into exactly which children are most at risk, thus leaving prevention public policy efforts under-informed. (Contains 31 references notes.) (KB)