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Charlesworth, Tessa E. S.; Hudson, Sa-kiera T. J.; Cogsdill, Emily J.; Spelke, Elizabeth S.; Banaji, Mahzarin R. – Developmental Psychology, 2019
Humans possess a tendency to rapidly and consistently make character evaluations from mere facial appearance. Recent work shows that this tendency emerges surprisingly early: children as young as 3-years-old provide adult-like assessments of others on character attributes such as "nice," "strong," and "smart" based…
Descriptors: Human Body, Personality Traits, Physical Characteristics, Decision Making
McCrink, Koleen; Spelke, Elizabeth S.; Dehaene, Stanislas; Pica, Pierre – Developmental Science, 2013
Much research supports the existence of an Approximate Number System (ANS) that is recruited by infants, children, adults, and non-human animals to generate coarse, non-symbolic representations of number. This system supports simple arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, and ordering of amounts. The current study tests whether an…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Number Systems, Arithmetic, American Indians
Kinzler, Katherine D.; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Cognition, 2011
Do infants develop meaningful social preferences among novel individuals based on their social group membership? If so, do these social preferences depend on familiarity on any dimension, or on a more specific focus on particular kinds of categorical information? The present experiments use methods that have previously demonstrated infants' social…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Infants, Toys, Race
Shutts, Kristin; Banaji, Mahzarin R.; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Developmental Science, 2010
To whom do children look when deciding on their own preferences? To address this question, 3-year-old children were asked to choose between objects or activities that were endorsed by unfamiliar people who differed in gender, race (White, Black), or age (child, adult). In Experiment 1, children demonstrated robust preferences for objects and…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Young Children, Gender Differences, Racial Differences
Shutts, Kristin; Kinzler, Katherine D.; Katz, Rachel C.; Tredoux, Colin; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Developmental Science, 2011
Minority-race children in North America and Europe often show less own-race favoritism than children of the majority (White) race, but the reasons for this asymmetry are unresolved. The present research tested South African children in order to probe the influences of group size, familiarity, and social status on children's race-based social…
Descriptors: Blacks, Children, Race, Social Status
Shutts, Kristin; Ornkloo, Helena; von Hofsten, Claes; Keen, Rachel; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Child Development, 2009
Three experiments investigated changes from 15 to 30 months of age in children's (N = 114) mastery of relations between an object and an aperture, supporting surface, or form. When choosing between objects to insert into an aperture, older children selected objects of an appropriate size and shape, but younger children showed little selectivity.…
Descriptors: Object Permanence, Young Children, Experiments, Age Differences
Peer reviewed
Hermer, Linda; Spelke, Elizabeth – Cognition, 1996
Investigated the development of reorientation abilities in humans in contrast to other mammals. Findings support the domain specificity of human's core cognitive abilities, the conservation of cognitive abilities across related species and over the course of human development, and the developmental processes by which core abilities are extended to…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes
Wood, Justin N.; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Developmental Science, 2005
Are abstract representations of number--representations that are independent of the particular type of entities that are enumerated--a product of human language or culture, or do they trace back to human infancy? To address this question, four experiments investigated whether human infants discriminate between sequences of actions (jumps of a…
Descriptors: Numeracy, Infants, Numbers, Visual Stimuli
Spelke, Elizabeth S.; Owsley, Cynthia J. – 1977
This report describes two exploration studies which examined the development of infants' intermodal knowledge by examining infants' auditorily guided visual search for objects. Experiment 1 examined intermodal search for the mother and father by 9 infants at each of three age levels: 3, 5, and 7 months of age; the final sample was 23 infants.…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Auditory Discrimination, Concept Formation, Eye Fixations
Lipton, Jennifer S.; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Infancy, 2004
Six experiments investigated infants' sensitivity to numerosity in auditory sequences. In prior studies (Lipton & Spelke, 2003), 6-month-old infants discriminated sequences of 8 versus 16 but not 8 versus 12 sounds, and 9-month-old infants discriminated 8 versus 12 but not 8 versus 10 sounds, when the continuous variables of rate, sound duration,…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Numbers, Auditory Stimuli, Age Differences
Peer reviewed
Phillips, Ann T.; Wellman, Henry M.; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Cognition, 2002
Examined in four studies whether and when infants connect information about an actor's affect and perception to their action. Found that 12-month-olds, but not 8-month-olds, recognized that an actor was likely to grasp the object she had visually regarded with positive affect. Replicated findings with 12- and 14-month-olds and with several…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Emotional Response
Peer reviewed
Jusczyk, Peter W.; Johnson, Scott P.; Kennedy, Lori J.; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Cognition, 1999
This study compared role of motion in adults' and infants' perception of object unity. Findings favored ecologically-oriented accounts of object perception. Motion was a determinant of object unity for infants. Alignment and common motion contributed to adults' object-unity perception; synchronous color changes did not. Infants detected…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Color, Infants