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Zhao, Xueyu; Solano-Flores, Guillermo – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021
We investigated whether consensus-based test translation review procedures can be used effectively in cultural contexts with high social stratification. We staged two test translation review panels in China -- where social stratification may potentially inhibit individuals' ability to express opinion and disagreement. We adapted a consensus-based…
Descriptors: Translation, Test Construction, Error Patterns, Foreign Countries
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Zhao, Xueyu; Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Qian, Ming – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2018
This article addresses test translation review in international test comparisons. We investigated the applicability of the theory of test translation error--a theory of the multidimensionality and inevitability of test translation error--across source language-target language combinations in the translation of PISA (Programme of International…
Descriptors: Translation, Error Patterns, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries