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Solano-Flores, Guillermo – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2021
This article proposes a Boolean approach to representing and analyzing interobserver agreement in dichotomous coding. Building on the notion that observations are samples of a universe of observations, it submits that coding can be viewed as a process in which observers sample pieces of evidence on constructs. It distinguishes between formal and…
Descriptors: Online Searching, Coding, Interrater Reliability, Evidence
Zhao, Xueyu; Solano-Flores, Guillermo – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021
We investigated whether consensus-based test translation review procedures can be used effectively in cultural contexts with high social stratification. We staged two test translation review panels in China -- where social stratification may potentially inhibit individuals' ability to express opinion and disagreement. We adapted a consensus-based…
Descriptors: Translation, Test Construction, Error Patterns, Foreign Countries
Hsieh, Hsiaolin; Wiles, Simon; Solano-Flores, Guillermo – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2023
We address the concern that classification of English learners (ELs) primarily based on standardized tests does not accurately reflect what students know and can do with English. While qualitative classroom discourse analyses show that ELs' language-in-use is not as limited as test scores indicate, available evidence is sparse and prone to…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Dialogs (Language), Elementary School Students, Secondary School Students
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Shyyan, Vitaliy; Chía, Magda; Kachchaf, Rachel – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2023
We examined semiotic exchangeability in pop-up glossary translations and illustrations used as supports for second language learners (SLLs) in computer-administered mathematics tests. In a sample of 516 mathematics items, Grades 3-8 and 11, from a large-scale assessment program in the US, test developers identified terms that could be translated…
Descriptors: Mathematics Tests, Testing Accommodations, Test Items, Semiotics
Biernacki, Paulina J.; Altavilla, Jennifer; Kanopka, Klint; Hsieh, Hsiaolin; Solano-Flores, Guillermo – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2023
We investigated how high school mathematics course placement contributes to inequalities in college preparation for students categorized as "English Learners" (ELs), especially "long-term" English Learners (LTELs). We devised a base-2 enumeration approach that allowed us to process complex transcript data from one school…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Learning Trajectories, Student Placement, High School Students
Zhao, Xueyu; Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Qian, Ming – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2018
This article addresses test translation review in international test comparisons. We investigated the applicability of the theory of test translation error--a theory of the multidimensionality and inevitability of test translation error--across source language-target language combinations in the translation of PISA (Programme of International…
Descriptors: Translation, Error Patterns, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Wang, Chao; Shade, Chelsey – International Journal of Testing, 2016
We examined multimodality (the representation of information in multiple semiotic modes) in the context of international test comparisons. Using Program of International Student Assessment (PISA)-2009 data, we examined the correlation of the difficulty of science items and the complexity of their illustrations. We observed statistically…
Descriptors: Semiotics, Difficulty Level, Test Items, Science Tests