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Direct linkBernard, Robert M.; Abrami, Philip C.; Wade, Anne; Borokhovski, Evgueni; Lou, Yiping – Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 2004
Simonson, Schlosser and Hanson (1999) argue that a new theory called "equivalency theory" is needed to account for the unique features of the "teleconferencing" (synchronous) model of DE that is prevalent in many North American universities. Based on a comprehensive meta-analysis of the comparative literature of DE (Bernard,…
Descriptors: Distance Education, Meta Analysis, Academic Achievement, Student Attitudes
Bernard, Robert M.; Abrami, Philip C.; Lou, Yiping; Borokhovsk, Evgueni; Wade, Anne; Wozney, Lori; Wallet, Peter Andrew; Fiset, Manon; Huang, Binru – Review of Educational Research, 2004
A meta-analysis of the comparative distance education (DE) literature between 1985 and 2002 was conducted. In total, 232 studies containing 688 independent achievement, attitude, and retention outcomes were analyzed. Overall results indicated effect sizes of essentially zero on all three measures and wide variability. This suggests that many…
Descriptors: Distance Education, Effect Size, Academic Achievement, Meta Analysis
