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Direct linkKrashen, Stephen; Brown, Clara Lee – Bilingual Research Journal, 2005
A secondary analysis of previously published data shows that high-socioeconomic status (SES) English language learners (ELLs) outperform low-SES fluent English speakers on tests of math, and they do about as well on tests of reading. Thus, for ELLs, SES can offset the effects of language proficiency on standardized tests of math and reading. This…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Standardized Tests, Language Proficiency, English (Second Language)
Peer reviewedShin, Fay H.; Krashen, Stephen – Bilingual Research Journal, 1996
A survey of 794 teachers from six school districts in central California found that although teachers strongly endorsed the principles of bilingual education, they indicated minimal support for actual participation by students in bilingual programs. Teachers with supplementary training in English as a Second Language and bilingual education were…
Descriptors: Biculturalism, Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Educational Principles
