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Gittelsohn, Joel; Steckler, Allan; Johnson, Carolyn C.; Pratt, Charlotte; Grieser, Mira; Pickrel, Julie; Stone, Elaine J.; Conway, Terry; Coombs, Derek; Staten, Lisa K. – Health Education & Behavior, 2006
Formative research uses qualitative and quantitative methods to provide information for researchers to plan intervention programs. Gaps in the formative research literature include how to define goals, implementation plans, and research questions; select methods; analyze data; and develop interventions. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood…
Descriptors: Physical Activities, Adolescents, Females, Intervention
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Johnson, Carolyn C.; Li, Donglin; Perry, Cheryl L.; Elder, John P.; Feldman, Henry A.; Kelder, Steve H.; Stone, Elaine J. – Journal of School Health, 2002
Examined smoking behaviors and predictors from fifth through eighth grades by ethnicity, gender, and geographic location. Overall, Hispanic and white adolescents had a similar 30-day smoking prevalence. Predictor variables were powerful across different geographic regions. There were no differences in predictor variables between blacks, whites,…
Descriptors: Black Students, Elementary Education, Health Behavior, Hispanic American Students