Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are a relatively recent innovation with potential to provide access to relevant education and workforce training at scale. RTI International previously studied MOOCs in the context of the US market and determined that more efforts are needed to examine the prospect of MOOC use in developing economies. This paper defines MOOCs and contrasts them with previously established forms of online learning and open educational resources. We conclude that although MOOCs have potential for expanding access to important educational content and resources, they favor more privileged and educated individuals. Further evolution of information and communication technologies' infrastructure, platforms, and pedagogical models is needed before common MOOC models can meet the needs of the majority of learners in developing economies.