The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics assessment measures students' knowledge and skills in mathematics and students' ability to apply their knowledge in problem-solving situations. At each grade, students responded to questions designed to measure what they know and can do across five mathematics content areas: number properties and operations; measurement; geometry; data analysis, statistics, and probability; and algebra. The NAEP reading assessment measures students' reading comprehension by asking them to read selected grade-appropriate materials and answer questions based on what they have read. At each grade, students responded to questions designed to measure their reading comprehension across two types of texts: literary and informational. This paper presents the results of the 2011 NAEP assessments for reading and mathematics. [For related reports, see "The Nation's Report Card: Mathematics 2011. National Assessment of Educational Progress at Grades 4 and 8. NCES 2012-458" (ED525545) and "The Nation's Report Card: Reading 2011. National Assessment of Educational Progress at Grades 4 and 8. NCES 2012-457" (ED525544).]