This report examines effects of the Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) for three age groups of children (younger cohort aged 3-5, middle cohort aged 6-11, and older cohort aged 12-18) at the 36-month interview. A companion report on effects of the SSP on adults is available separately. Chapter 1 describes the SSP incentive, project design, and SSP impact on adult economic outcomes. Chapter 2 describes the sample and methods; describes the information used to assess the effects of SSP on families and children; and presents SSP adult impacts by child cohort. Chapter 3 reports that SSP had no effects on the younger cohort; had small positive effects on cognitive and school outcomes but no impacts on social behavior and emotional health for the middle cohort; and may have increased substance use and minor delinquent activity in the older cohort. Chapter 4 reports SSP had almost no effect on parenting behavior and parental functioning for families; increased child care participation for the younger cohort; increased child care and participation in after-school activities for the middle cohort; and had no impacts on child care or after-school activities but increased engagement in chores and employment for the older cohort. Appendixes include a report on assessing the effect of survey non-response on estimated impacts; measures of child and family functioning; program impacts by child gender and province; and differences in impacts across the age cohorts. (Contains 52 references.) (YLB)