Child labor, which is children's work that is exploitative and dangerous, poses a major human rights and socioeconomic challenge. Universal primary education may be the most effective instrument for meeting this challenge. The expansion of compulsory primary schooling could reduce hours of work by children and help them protect themselves against exploitation. This report on the relationship between education and child work contains the following chapters: (1) "Introduction," discussing how welfare activists see education as the best means of eliminating child labor; (2) "Schooling as a Deterrent to Child Labour"; (3) "Combining School and Work"; (4) "Economic Constraints against School Participation"; (5) "Social Causes in Child Work and Low School Participation"; (6) "Family Causes of Child Work and Low School Participation"; (7) "Discrepancies in Education between Rural and Urban Areas; (8) "Gender Differences in Education and Work," including levels of education participation, economic impact, and discrimination; (9) "The Responsibilities of Growing Up"; (10) "School as a Cause of Work," focusing on the shortage of funds for education, a critique of orthodox approaches, systemic problems, and teacher attitudes; (11) "The Educational Function of Work"; (12) "The Impact of Work on Education," including physical and mental health impacts; and (13) "Conclusion: Some Policy Implications Suggested by Research of Education and Work," asserting that genuine reform will be facilitated only by governmental commitment to increase resources to primary education and to support school reform measures--flexibility of scheduling and making curricula and teaching methods more suited for low-income children and families. (Contains 172 references.) (BGC)